International Conference on Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics October 26-28 2017 Osaka,Japan

Cancers are classified and named depending upon the type of cell they originated and have different forms. Some examples are as follows:

• Bone Cancer

• Brain Tumors

• Breast Cancer

• Cervical Cancer

• Leukemia

• Lymphoma

• Ovarian Cancer

• Pancreatic Cancer

• Prostate Cancer

• Retinoblastoma

• Skin Cancer

• Thyroid Cancer

• Vaginal Cancer

Certain changes to genes can alter and control the functioning of the body cells, their growth and division. This causes Cancer.

Cancer causing genetic changes :

• Mutations

• Germ Line Changes

• Hereditary Cancer Syndrome

• Exposure to Certain substances like radiation, UV rays etc.

Cancer is suspected in a view of a persons symptoms ,screening tests. Affirmation that Cancer is present requires diagnostic tests  which is followed by staging. Staging is way of analysing the tumor, its size, location and the treatment depending on the Cancer stage.It helps to determine the Prognosis of the patient i,e treatment prediction ,disease outcome and patients recovery chances.

There are many sorts of Cancer treatment. The treatment varies depending on the type of Cancer  and its stage.The following are the main types of Cancer treatment :

• Surgery
• Radiation Therapy
• Immunotherapy  
• Chemotherapy
• Hormone Therapy
• Targeted Therapy
• Stem Cell Transplant
• Precision Medicine

The study of Epigenetic modifications to the cancer cells genome is called Cancer Epigenetics, that does not bring a change in the nucleotide sequence.Risk expectation and prediction and cancer prevention, growth counteractive action are also promising and encouraging areas of Epigenetics.

A high adequacy of demethylating agents were accounted for essentially in hematological malignancies in view of new conventions with low dose and long exposure, and their utilization is presently being striven for strong tumors.During the cell’s transformation to cancerous cell, Epigenetic modifications are also mor important like genetic mutation’s. Their manipulation brings a great promising approach to for preventing , detecting  and therapy of cancer.

Epigenetics deals with the  study of  heritable changes in gene , that does not include changes to the basic DNA arrangement — an adjustment in phenotype without an adjustment in genotype — which influences how cells read the genes.  Epigenetic change is a normal, natural and characteristic occurence yet can likewise be affected by a few factors including age, the environment/lifestyle, and illness state.   Epigenetic modifications can show as normally as the way in which cells terminally separate to differentiate as liver cells, skin cells, etc.Alternately, epigenetic change can have all the more harming impacts that can bring illnesses, disease.

example :Cancer.

Epigenetic factors  are also called as  epigenetic marks control many functions of cells in our bodies. From time to time, epigenetic marks cause certain genes to be turned on or off at various phases of the body's development and growth in a way that prompts to a disease onset

In this way, researchers and scientists have been able to find the thin line which is connecting the following diseases to Epigenetics

§  Autism

§  ATR-X syndrome

§  Angelman syndrome

§  Beckwith Wiedemann syndrome

§  Coffin-Lowry syndrome

§  Fragile X syndrome

§  Heart disease

§  Obesity

§  Prader-Willi syndrome

§  Rett syndrome

§  Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome,

§  Various Cancers

This track also deals with the modification’s and changes that greatly affects the processes such as DNA methylation and histone modifications like embryonic development, aging, and carcinogenesis

Epigenetics plays a key role in wide range of diseases like type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, inflammation, and neurocognitive disorders. Nutritional Epigenetics can be considered as an attractive tool to anticipate and prevent Cancer and pediatric developmental diseases

Transgenerational epigenetic inheritance is the transmittance of information from one generation to another ,for example :from a parent to  child.This affects the offsprings’traits without changing the primary structure of DNA.In multicellular organisms the epigenetic inheritance has different mechansisms.

Neurodegenerative disorders are among the major difficulties and among the most medical issues that should be withstanded by the world, particularly in light of expanding population age. They cause the degeneration and death of nerve cells as they form incurable conditions for treatment. According to a collaborative study of the WHO, the World Bank and the Harvard School of Public Health by 2020  neurodegenerative diseases, dementia will be the eighth cause of disease among developed regions.It is also estimated that they will occupy the   world’s second leading cause of death by 2050, overtaking cancer. During embryogenesis and for differentiation of neural cells Epigenetic mechanisms are essential required. Thus, precise understanding of Epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification, is important to elucidate the pathogenic pathways in neurodevelopmental disorders

• Most common neurodegenerative diseases

• Parkinson's disease

• Alzheimer disease. 

• Huntington disease

This particular track deals with the onset of diseases and the required clinical applications and theraphy related to those diseases.

Pharmacogenomics  is a combination of pharmacology and genomics.this branch of study is concerned with the influence of acquired and inherited genetic variation on drug response in patients by correlating gene expression or single-nucleotide polymorphisms with pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The genetic disorder occurrence is quite rare in polutaion.Some might be hereditary while the others are caused by mutations.

Histones and DNA are chemically altered with epigenetic markers. They influence chromatin structure by changing the electrostatic nature of the chromatin or by altering the affinity of chromatin-binding proteins. DNA can be modified by methylation of cytosine bases

This track also deals with Bioinformatics role in Epigenetics.This branch is expected to make significant contributions to Epigenetics research. Studies in computational Epigenetics involves the improvement and utilization of bioinformatics strategies for resolving the epigenetic questions, and in addition computational information examination and hypothetical displaying with regards to Epigenetics. This incorporates the effects of histone and DNA CpG island methylation.

Environmental contaminants and toxicants are far reaching all through the world, and can incorporate different materials and chemicals, from by results of ignition to contaminationg trace metals and organic natural mixes utilized as a part of day by day life. Presentation to changing sums and sorts of these contaminants is connected to impacts on human wellbeing .The fields of natural wellbeing and toxicology have concentrated on bettering the comprehension of how these contaminants affect biological prcocesses so that their wellbeing effects can be lessened or anticipated.

Numerous diseases are brought about by various types of alterations among dfifferent genes. Some of these progressions are hereditary changes that are passed along in families while some are mutations that happen due various hazardous environmental factors .

Oncology Market is increasing and will be paced on a wide scale.The world wide  oncology market is expected to grow in upcoming years due to expanded industry R&D and high investments by multinational companies in the Cancer research.

• An increase in Oncology market is also due to following reasons:
• Longer life expectancies
• Enhancing existing  treatments by minimizing the side effects.
• Increased levels of Innovation through 2020More supportive care
• Target oriented medicine
• Treatment methods which enhance the immune system’s response towards tumor cell

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